Protecting against malware involves deploying a corporate strategy based on in-depth knowledge of the threat.
From Enthec, we tell you what malware consists of and its different types.
What is malware
A malware attack is a malicious attempt to gain access to computer systems, networks, or computers to steal sensitive information, infect systems, encrypt data, or cause damage. The goals of malware include gaining unauthorized access, stealing data, encrypting information, or damaging the affected system.
Organizations must be aware of and protect against these attacks because of the serious consequences they can entail if successful, such as financial losses, operational disruptions, data recovery costs, and reputational damage.
If you’re wondering how many types of malware there are, read on; we’ll tell you below.
The Different Types of Malware You Need to Know About
Malware can be classified into different categories depending on its purpose:
Virus
One of the most well-known types of malware is viruses. These viruses aim to disrupt the normal functioning of the computer device, regularly replacing executable files with others that contain the device’s code.
Its infection can be through removable devices, emails, or network connections.
Adware
It is software designed to display unwanted advertising on screen. One of the methods that infects the system is after downloading a program and inadvertently allowing permissions.
The other method of infection can be browsing a website, taking advantage of the vulnerability in the user’s browser to perform an unintentional download.
Spyware
It is a type of malware that hides in the computer system, monitors user activity, and steals information.
In this case, it is infected through unsafe web pages, taking advantage of vulnerabilities through ads or pop-ups that, when clicked, download this type of malware.
Trojan
This malware appears legitimate, harmless software but aims to control your computer, introduce more malware, steal data, and spread to other devices.
Rear doors
Back Doors
After installation, it provides access to malicious users to control a computer remotely.
It infects computers from untrustworthy websites or downloads. It can also infect through emails.
Keyloggers
Records keystrokes made on the keyboard to store them in a file and send them over the Internet. They can be hidden on removable devices, in emails or downloads from non-legitimate pages.
Thieves
This type of malware accesses private information stored on the computer to steal and share the most sensitive data, such as passwords.
Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of malware that infects a computer to take control of it and, in exchange, demands a ransom payment.
When ransomware infects your computer, it encrypts all files and folders, preventing access without a key. It is spread through attachments in untrustworthy emails or web pages.
Computer worm
They are programs that make copies of themselves by remaining in different places in the system. They can make system changes without authorization, decreasing system performance or worsening the connection.
Rootkit
This type of malware allows hackers to access your computer without your knowledge to hide the processes and files on your system for a malicious purpose. It can infect other devices with files or downloads from non-legitimate sites.
Botnets
Botnets are any group of devices that are infected and controlled remotely by an attacker to control as many devices as possible and carry out illicit activities.
It spreads through malicious code on websites after exploiting its vulnerability.
Rogueware (rogue software )
This type of malware masquerades as a security tool that launches an alert or a fake message indicating that something is wrong with the computer to click on a link to download software that solves the problem.
Cryptojacking
Cryptojacking is a type of malware that involves cybercriminals using users’ devices without their consent and using the machine’s resources to “mine” forms of online money known as cryptocurrencies.
Malicious Apps
These types of apps masquerade as legitimate apps or try to emulate other successful apps.
Once installed on the device, they will ask us for a series of abusive permissions or, on the contrary, they will make fraudulent use of those permissions.
Ways to get malware into a system
Malware gets into a system in different ways. Some of the most common are:
- Email: Cybercriminals often use email to distribute malware. This can be through malicious links or attachments in phishing emails.
- Internet downloads: Some websites may try to install malware on a device when you visit or download something from them. This is especially common on websites that offer freeware or pirated software.
- External storage devices: Devices such as USB drives can contain malware. If they connect to the system, malware can install itself automatically.
- Exploiting vulnerabilities: Cybercriminals often exploit software vulnerabilities to introduce malware into a system. This can be through outdated or unpatched software.
- Social media: Malicious links can also be distributed through social media platforms. Clicking on a malicious link can install malware.
- Mobile apps: Malware is often spread through malicious apps on mobile devices. These apps may look legitimate, but they contain malicious code.
You may be interested in our post→ Common types of cyberattacks.
How to identify a potential malware infection
To identify if a computer is infected with any malware types, it is crucial to pay attention to specific telltale symptoms. Some of the common signs of malware infection include:
- Slow system performance: If your computer runs slower than usual, freezes, or doesn’t respond appropriately, it could indicate infection.
- Pop-up messages: The constant appearance of pop-up messages on the desktop can signify infection.
- Internet connection issues: Difficulties connecting to the internet or slow browsing can indicate the presence of malware
- Unexpected changes in the system: new icons on the desktop, files with unknown extensions, disappearance of the antivirus, or deactivation of the firewall are red flags.
- Abnormal computer behavior: Automatic actions such as opening unsolicited windows, changes in application languages, or missing files needed to run programs can be signs of infection.
Awareness to protect against malware
Since malware infection is almost always the result of social engineering techniques, malware awareness is essential in any work environment.
Knowledge is the best protection against significant damage to computer systems, including data loss, information theft, and disruption of business operations.
It’s critical for everyone in any organization to understand malware, how it spreads, and how they can prevent it. This can include training on identifying suspicious emails, the importance of not downloading files from unknown websites, and the need not to click on unsolicited links.
This training and awareness must be regularly updated to prevent routine and trust from becoming vectors facilitating the attack.
In addition, workers should also be aware of the warning signs of a malware infection, such as slow system performance, frequent crashes, unwanted pop-up ads, and unexpected changes in system settings.
The time that elapses between the attack, detection, and communication is essential to protect against the malware deployed and avoid or minimize damage.
Protect mobile devices from malware
Mobile devices are now incorporated into any organization’s work. Many of them are privately owned by workers, who use them outside of working hours and the work environment.
Therefore, to protect against malware, the organization must expand the scope of training and awareness to include this type of device, as long as it can access the corporate system from it.
Some recommended actions to protect mobile devices against different types of malware are:
- Regular updates: keep the operating system and all applications current. Updates often include security patches that protect against new threats.
- Security software: Install a reliable security application with antivirus and anti-malware protection. Some of these apps also include additional features such as remotely locking and wiping the device if it is lost or stolen.
- Safe downloads: Only download apps from official app stores like Google Play Store or Apple App Store. These stores typically have strict security policies and review apps for malware.
- App permissions: Review the permissions that an app requests before installing it. If an app requests unnecessary permissions for its operation, it could be a sign that it is malicious.
- Safe browsing: Avoid visiting unsafe websites or clicking on suspicious links that could install malware on your device.
- Public Wi-Fi: Be careful when using public Wi-Fi networks, as cybercriminals frequently use these networks to spread malware. It’s wise to consider using a VPN when you’re on public Wi-Fi.
- Screen lock: Use a screen lock to protect your device in case it is lost or stolen. This can help prevent unauthorized access to your information.
In-depth threat knowledge allows organizations to effectively protect against malware types and leverage the capabilities of new cybersecurity solutions, such as our Kartos Corporate Threat Watchbots cyber surveillance platform to prevent attacks before they materialize. Contact us to learn about our solutions!